“VICTIMOLOGY, A NEW CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE.”

“VICTIMOLOGY, A NEW CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE.”

[1] INTRODUCTION:

The word “victim” appearing in the phrase “victimology” includes a person who has faced some injury or damage to either his body or reputation or property in consequence of some illegal act of another. Such injury or damage can be termed as Constitutional tort, civil wrong or criminal damage as the interaction between the victim and the person who caused the injury or damage may fall. But as our subject on hand is regarding victimology’s concept in criminal jurisprudence we have to discuss about damage caused during interaction of criminal nature and its effects and remedies available to the victim to compensate it. The discipline of “victimology” deals with the study of the aspects regarding problems and its remedies, in terms of compensation, which includes rehabilitation and restitution from the offender or the State.

[2] “VICTIMOLOGY” FROM THE VIEW POINT OF VICTIM:

Most of the time the victim of a crime is placed on receiving end. In spite of the fact that he is the one who has suffered the pain, faced the intolerable agony, lost an earning and dearly member of the family, faced social stigma to his reputation or lost his property the victim in most of the cases is supposed to be silent spectator of the proceeding of the crime taking place in a court of the law.

Leaving apart few exceptional cased, the victim does not become entitled for the compensation till the proceeding is finally decided. At the end of the proceeding also, in most of the cases if and only when the offender is held responsible for the damage to the victim and get convicted then only the victim becomes entitled and that too under the discretion of the court, for the compensation.

In general, the victim has no say in his case wherein he has suffered. He has to remain tight lipped on the mercy of the public prosecutor and of the court. Being judicial officer, we all must have felt at times that when pity-shy victim appears before a court and found himself crowded by defense attorney at one side and public prosecutor on other, the judge in front and the spectator society behind, the poor fellow becomes pettier and more shy. Whenever an enthusiast complainant or victim try to present his agony before the court during the trial, the court shut him up saying the State representative will look after the matter for him and if he has anything to say he must say it through the prosecutor. Of course, this is the general observation and subject to the provision of section 301 of the Code of Criminal Procedure the aggrieved party has all the rights to take part in the proceedings of the matter of which he is the center point.

Hon’ble the Supreme Court* has firmly observed that, “the victim is certainly entitled to reparation, restitution and safe guard of his right. Criminal Justice would look hollow if Justice is not done to the victim of crime. A victim of a crime cannot be a “forgotten man” in the criminal justice system.” Of course, it is the duty of the State to bring justice home to the victim, but being the aggrieved party the victim deserves to be heard and satisfied with justice done.

[3] REMEDIES AND ITS EFFECTIVITY:

By many landmark rulings of our constitutional courts, the remedy of compensation for redressing the violation of fundamental rights of victims of constitutional torts was firmly established in India. Many civil laws are dealing to compensate the civil wrongs. Different laws are enacted to look after the victims of accidents and natural calamity to redress their damages and injuries. The Motor Vehicles Act, the Indian Railways Act, the Carriage by Air Act, Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act etc. are such Acts providing effective remedies to victims. But as far as victims of crimes are concerned no enough effective and specific provisions are there in criminal justice system. The current and only provisions in criminal justice system to redress the damages occurred to victim of crime are Sections 250, 357, 358 and 359 of the Code of the Criminal Procedure and Section 5 of the Probation of Offenders Act. If

the accused is convicted, the court can order him to pay whole or any part pf the fine amount and if no fine is imposed, a specific amount to the victim u/sec 357. Sections 250 and 358 empowers the court to award compensation for accusation without reasonable cause and groundless arrest respectively. Under Section 359, the court can order the accused to pay coasts of proceedings to the victim in non-cognizable cases. Under Section 5 of the Probation of Offenders Act, the court is empowered to direct the offender who has been given benefit of probation, to pay compensation to the victim. Though not sufficiently effective, these powers of court to compensate the victim are intended to do something to re-assure the victims that they are not forgotten in the criminal justice system. In this sense these provisions are very important but due to ignorance of the object behind them courts are seldom invoking them. Under Section 357 and 359 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Section 5 of the Probation of Offenders Act the victim is entitled to get compensation only in the event of the conviction of the offender. That apart, is entirely at the discretion of the court. These provisions do not create any right to claim compensation in favour of the victim. There are hundreds of cases in which the accused persons are not convicted although offences are found to have been committed against some victim. In such cases they are left without any remedy.

[4] SUGGESTIONS:

The necessity of paying compensation to the victims of crime has also attracted attention of the United Nations. The UNO in its declaration of ‘Basic Principles of Justice for victims of crime and Abuse of Powers’ laid down the method of tackling problems of victims of crime. So far victims of crime are concerned the State represent them before the court of law. As we discussed here before the powers of the court to provide redressal compensation to victims are very limited and can be invoked only if the offender is convicted.

I strongly believe that it is high time now to amend the Criminal Procedure Code or to

enact new laws for providing adequate and effective compensation to victims of crime at the initial stage of trial or rather investigation.

Provisions can be made like giving powers to the court to order the accused to give reasonable compensation to victim while enlarging the accused on bail or provisions can be made regarding victim to claim interim compensation at the time of commencing the trial from the accused or the State.

A welfare fund can be established for victims of crime and appropriate financial contributions to such funds can be invited from the court fees, the State, NGOs or public or privet sectors. Victim Redressal Fund can be created on base like Natural Calamity Relief Fund.

Judicial and administrative authorities should be asked to make necessary arrangements to provide proper assistance and adequate and effective legal aid to victims through out the proceeding. Steps can be taken for informing victims of their rights, role and scope during the proceedings and make them aware about timing and progress of the case. Rights of victims for taking part in proceeding and getting redressal benefits should be recognized and given same importance as fundamental rights.

In criminal justice system, the victim, who is the center point of the proceeding, should be availed atmosphere wherein he feel safe, warm, secured and properly attended. During the legal proceeding of a crime, the person who is unfortunate enough to be the victim should never let to feel that he is forgotten, because “ Nothing hurts more in human heart than brooding a sense of injustice.”

* 1998 SCC (Cr) 1640

Decrees of Civil Court & its Execution

(1) Introduction:
Our topic on hand is regarding scope of introducing punishment as an additional measure for executing civil decrees and orders. Current provisions of executing decrees, including orders are effective or not is different subject. As we all know very well that executing proceedings before a Civil Court are being delayed for many reasons. Courts in such proceedings are not maintaining proper time limits and effective schedules. Delay tactics on part of decree debtors and their counsels are not handled or viewed strictly. Process serving or executing officers of the courts are not performing their duties up to the mark as they are supposed to perform. Judges, themselves are not keen enough for early, speedy and effective disposal of executing proceedings because they don’t get sufficient points or marks in their judicial work assessment in respect of disposal of such proceedings. Apart from all these factors, I am not of view that current provisions of Civil Procedure Code regarding execution of decrees and orders are ineffective.

(2) Scope:
While discussing the scope of introducing punishment as an additional measure for executing decrees and orders we must examine current measures also. Part II of CPC is in regard to execution of decrees and orders. Provisions are made in part II of CPC regarding arrest and detention, attachment and sale of moveable and immoveable properties as measure of execution of decrees and orders. Order XXI of CPC provides procedures for implementing these measures. Our topic on hand is to discuss and find out the scope of introducing punishment to make execution proceedings more effective.

(3) Need of Introducing Punishment:
Arrest and detention in civil prison is already provided as a measure for executing civil decrees and orders. But these measures are not proved much effective and they are used very rarely and after a very long time- almost at the end of an execution proceeding. Because provisions of order XXI are made to make execution proceeding effective and justifiable they are being used as hurdles by the decree debtor for the decree holder in his race for getting fruits of his toughly earned decree. In short, roads to reach the goal are becoming speed-breakers in achieving the goal. It is easy to punish a defaulting witness under section 32 of CPC, but very complicated and hard to punish a defaulting decree debtor. In my humble belief decrees and orders of civil courts should be given similar status as the Negotiable Instruments have got under the Negotiable Instruments Act. This Act was amended in 1988, wherein a new chapter XVII was incorporated for penalties in case of dishonour of cheque due to insufficiency of fund. This provision was incorporated with a view to enhancing the credibility of the instrument. Penal provisions contained in sections 138 to 148 of the Act are intended to discourage people from not honouring their commitments by way of payment through cheques and are intended to ensure that obligations undertaken by issuing cheques as a mode of payment are honoured. Cannot similar provisions apply to the decree debtor who dishonours a decree of a Civil Court? Decree of a Civil Court is the result and decision of a suit reached after full fledge consideration of evidence and it declares rights of the parties. In this way a decree holds strong ground than a negotiable instrument like a cheque. A decree is a declaration of a right of a person, which casts legal obligation on the other party. It is the commitment decided by a competent court of the country. Is not the high time has come to ensure the credibility of a civil court’s decree?

(4) Suggestions:
Provisions similar to the chapter XVII and sections 138 to 142 of The Negotiable Instrument Act can be incorporated with a view to encourage the faith and to enhance the credibility of a civil court’s decree and order. Provisions can be added in Order XXI of CPC or new provisions can be made or a new Act can be enacted with the object of inculcating faith in the efficacy of decrees and orders of civil courts and giving credibility to the powers of a court in respect of execution of its decrees and orders. Penal provisions can be amended to discourage people from not honouring their commitments declared by the decree and order of a competent court. Such provisions are to be made strong enough to ensure that obligations declared by the decrees or orders of a court are honoured in true sense. Provisions can be made that the decree debtor has to honour the decree within prescribed time on his receiving notice issued by the decree holder within prescribed time after the decree became final and executable. If the decree debtor does not honour the decree as prescribed, the decree holder can approach the court and file a complaint against the decree debtor. Proper time limit for filing such complaint, summary procedure and presumptions in favour of decree holder similar to the Negotiable Instrument Act can be enacted while introducing new provisions. Above all, adequate enough punishment has to be introduced to discourage people from not honouring their commitments laded by the decree or order of a competent court and to ensure that obligations pronounced by the decree or order of a court are honoured.

Judicial Excellence

“HOW ARE YOU TO ATTAIN JUDICIAL EXCELLENCE.”

[1] JUDICIAL EXCELLENCE – A QUALITY:

Our subject on hand is “ how are you to attain judicial excellence”. If judicial excellence is a quality, which can be attained, then its process never ends during the life of a Judge. Because a mark never can be set and finish line never can be drawn for it. Hon’ble the Supreme Court has rightly quoted somewhere that a judge who has not committed a mistake during his life is yet to be born.

[2] TINY BOX OF JUSTICE:

The power of doing justice of present days judge is kept in very tiny box called “discretion” which is kept between pages of very large books of our laws. The judge is enable to open this box and use this power of his only when he can interpret the laws written in those large books. If he interpret laws correctly and apply them to the facts of the case he is dealing with, then and then only he can use his justice giving discretion in favour of the party entitled for it. Hence, in my humble view to attain judicial excellence a judge should develop ability of understanding and interpreting laws in their true sense, keeping in mind the objects and reasons behind enacting the same.

[3] CONTRADICTORY QUALITIES:

Again, I must say the judge who is clever enough to interpret laws and applying them correctly to the facts of the case in hand may not be called the judge who has attained judicial excellence, because while doing this job of his, he has to develop many qualities which are very much contradictory to each other and has to keep balance between them. He is not supposed to do only justice but he has to make the parties and society feel that the justice has been done. It has to be done the right way and at the right time. For that a judge must develop
following contradictory qualities and strike balance between them.

[4] WALKING ON A ROPE:

A judge must be aloof from the society but social enough to know social, economical and political surroundings of the society where he works which effects the behavior of the litigating parties. A judge must be prompt enough but not too hasty in deciding the problems and disputes. He must be humble enough to litigants, lawyers and staff members so they can be frank and approach to him, but on other hand he has to be firm enough to maintain the decorum of his position and judicial system. He is to be simple in his lifestyle but decorative and smart enough to put him apart from the general crowd. A judge must be silent enough to not disclose his mind, but inquisitive enough to enable him to find the truth. He should be reserve enough so that wrong man does not dare to approach him, but on other hand transparent enough to let the people feel that he is always available for doing justice and what he is doing is impartial and not discriminatory. It is today’s prime demand that heavy burden and backlogs of the cases is to be reduced. While doing this a judge has to see that more and more cases are to be disposed off, but on the other hand he is supposed to see that substantial justice be done. To attain judicial excellence a judge has to develop the ability of keeping balance between all these contradictory aspects. In short a judge has to perform the role of a ropewalker. A wrong step on either side may result in doubtless fall, which can be fatal even. The ropewalker performed his role walking slowly and keeping balance while walking on the rope from one end to other. The judge is supposed to walk fast and keep balance on the rope at the same time.

[5] TIPS:

There are many judges who are born with above-mentioned abilities. Others are supposed to develop them. Attaining judicial excellence is tough job, but is not impossible. To attain judicial excellence a judge must work hard. Some one has said, “ A judge must live like a hermit and work like a horse.” With all due respects, I do not agree with the gentleman who had said those words. A judge after all is a human being. He has his own life, family and society. Living like hermit and working like a horse, both on either ends suggests that a judge should withdraw himself from his family and society. I agree that faculty of judicial system is different from other professions. But no faculty of profession, including judicial profession demands that the man working in any profession do his work by ruining his family and social life. A judge too has all the rights to perform his duties towards his family and his society. I strongly believe that even while performing his duties towards his family and society and while living like a simple man instead of a hermit and while working like a human being instead of a horse, a judge can attain judicial excellence. To attain judicial excellence this way, tips given by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India, Mr. R.C. Lahoti saheb during his lordship’s valedictory address at Delhi Judicial Academy are very much helpful. As Hon’ble CJI has shared his views regarding judicial excellence, a judge has to learn few lessons to develop the quality of a good judge, which are (1) Maintain a good physique and sound mind, (2) Value the time, (3) Simple living, (4) Choose your company cautiously, (5) Read literature, (6) Continuing education, (7) Develop a hobby, (8) Be prompt and (9) Respect and regard your courtroom as a temple of justice.

[6] CONCLUSION:

No doubt, the mission is tough but not the impossible. Attaining judicial excellence is a continuous process. Our effort to achieve the same will always to be helpful to some one who is seeking justice. We have to remember that once a judge is always a judge. As a judge one must always keep in mind that while doing justice he is only answerable to his conscience. If you are a judge, you must always keep in mind that God is looking over your work very closely because people believe that you are next to God.

Birding Spots around Porbandar

Birding Spots Around Porbandar, Gujarat
Jaidev Dhadhal
Plot No. 8, Vrindavan Society, College Road, Patan-384 265. e-mail: jaidevjai@gmail.com

Porbandar, the place is Janma-bhumi of Mahatma Gandhi, Karma-bhumi of many mafias but Swarg-bhumi for birdwatchers. Combination of brackish water and fresh-rain water wetlands of this place attracts verity of birds here. Avifauna varies from waders to grassland birds, forest dependent to scrub dwellers.
Bharatbhai Rughani, B. K. Parmar– RFO and myself has recorded around 214 species of birds around Porbandar. There can be many more. I am, herewith narrating about Porbandar and its hot spots as far as birds & birdwatching is concerned. A checklist of the birds we have seen is also appended.
Main birding sites of Porbandar area are as follow:
Rann of Chhaya: Situated between Chhaya village and Birla factory. The water-body contains rainwater, sewage water and wastes discharged by the factory. Best place to watch Flamingos, thousands of them and that too from very close quarter. Ducks, terns, Grebes (Little and Black-necked) etc. are other main birds of the point. The water-body is completely situated amidst of all type of human activities, still no apparent danger is noticed to birds here.
Khadi of Subhashnagar: Tidal waters and forest of mangroves of this unique wetland stretched about 4 to 5 km from Kurly bridge to the sea is favorite dwelling spot for waders, flamingos, harriers, storks (painted and black-necked), ducks, gulls and Rosy Pastors. In the evening when thousands of these starlings are setting themselves for the night roosting, we can see a huge cloud moving around fast in sky. Mangroves being cut for cattle feed disturbs birds a bit, otherwise no major threat to this spot. Of course, Government is planning to build a check dam under the jubilee bridge to check the tidal water at one side and to store rainwater on other. If this will happen, around two kms stretch of mangroves will die and dry without saline water.
Kuchhadi – Zavar: Cranes, pelicans, Crested Grebes, ducks, Indian Courser, Houbara bustards etc. are among main attraction of this spot. Rocky plains and scrubs are favorite nesting grounds for larks, lapwings, coursers, Stone Plover and Stone Curlew. Though both are different villages but they share common water stretch. The wetland is totally dependent on rains. Agricultural and residential encroachment on waste lands; illegal mining for building stones and lifting water by putting oil engines are major threat to the birds and their habitat here.
Baradasagar Dam: Sarus Crane used to nest here. After 1997-98 the bird is not seen here. Thousands of cranes (believe me it is 10 to 15 thousand!) during winter visit the water body and fields around. Pelicans, coots, Purple Moorhen, ducks, storks (White-necked, Asian Openbill and Painted), harriers, ibises (all three) etc. in good numbers can be seen here. Great Crested Grebes breeds here every year and that too in large number. As the dam is meant for irrigation water lifting for agriculture cannot be named as threat to the water-body.
Gosa: Very large area is covered with water during monsoon and early months of winter. Waters of river Bhadar and tributaries are spread in this area known as Ghed and at Gosa Bara they met the sea. It is almost impossible to scan the whole wetland for birding survey.
Amipur dam: One of the best water reservoirs of the area as far as avian aspect is concerned. It has all the qualities to be included in Ramsar site. More than ten thousand cranes visit the place. Great numbers of ducks and other water birds found at this water- body need thorough and systematic survey of the spot to identify its importance and to take necessary action to highlight it. The spot is deserved to be declared as a bird-reserve.
Vanana: The area is connected with Gosa waters. It is best for watching cranes, ducks, pelicans etc.
Bird Sanctuary: Being situated in midst of the town; Porbandar bird sanctuary is facing great threat from humanitarian pressure and is on verge of getting extinct! All kind of encroachment from all sides is shortening the water area. Over depth and absence of roosting and perching spots are factors that make the birds to fly over to other grounds. Still few flamingos and much more coots and little grebes can be seen around. Spot-bill regularly nests here. Pochards (common, tufted and Ferruginous too), shovelers, wigeons visits the sanctuary in winter. In my view forest department should constitute a permanent committee consisting forest officials and bird-watchers (ornithologists!?) for development and improvement of this unique bird sanctuary.
Checklist of the birds sighted at Porbandar
001 GREY FRANCOLIN-Francolinus pondicerianus
002 COMMON QUAIL-Coturnix coturnix
003 JUNGLE BUSH QUAIL-Perdicula asiatica
004 INDIAN PEAFOWL-Pavo cristatus
005 BAR-HEADED GOOSE-Anser indicus
006 LESSER WHISTLING-DUCK-Dendrocygna javanica
007 RUDY SHELDUCK-Tadorna ferruginea
008 COMB DUCK-
009 COTTON PYGMY-GOOSE
010 GADWALL
011 EURASIAN WIGEON
012 MALLARD
013 SPOT-BILLED DUCK
014 COMMON TEAL
015 GARGANEY
016 NORTHERN PINTAIL
017 NORTHERN SHOVELLER
018 COMMON POCHARD
019 FERRUGINOUS (WHITE-EYE) POCHARD
020 TUFTED POCHARD
021 EURASIAN WRYNECK
022 YELLOW-CROWNED WOODPECKER
023 COPPERSMITH BARBET
024 COMMON HOOPOE
025 EUROPEAN ROLLER
026 INDIAN ROLLER
027 COMMON KINGFISHER
028 WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER
029 PIED KINGFISHER
030 GREEN BEE-EATER
031 BLUE-CHEEKED BEE-EATER
032 PIED CUCKOO
033 COMMON HAWK CUCKOO
034 ASIAN KOEL
035 SIRKEER MALKOHA (CUCKOO)
036 GREATER COUCAL (CROW PHEASENT)
037 ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET
038 HOUSE SWIFT
039 EURASIAN EAGLE OWL
040 SPOTTED OWLET
041 INDIAN NIGHTJAR
042 ROCK PIGEON
043 LAUGHING DOVE
044 RED COLLARED DOVE
045 EURASIAN COLLARED DOVE
046 MACQUEEN’S BUSTARD (HOUBARA)
047 SARUS CRANE
048 COMMON CRANE
049 DEMOISELLE CRANE
050 LITTLE CRAKE
051 BAILLON’S CRAKE
052 PURPLE SWAMPHEN (MOORHEN)
053 COMMON MOORHEN
054 COMMON COOT
055 CHESTNUT-BELLIED (COMMON) SANDGROUSE
056 PAINTED SANDGROUSE
057 PINTAIL SNIPE
058 COMMON SNIPE
059 JACK SNIPE
060 GREATER PAINTED-SNIPE
061 BLACK-TAILED GODWIT
062 BAR-TAILED GODWIT
063 WHIMBREL
064 EURASIAN CURLEW
065 SLENDER-BILLED CURLEW??
066 SPOTTED REDSHANK
067 COMMON REDSHANK
068 MARSH SANDPIPER
069 COMMON GREENSHANK
070 GREEN SANDPIPER
071 WOOD SANDPIPER
072 TEREK SANDPIPER
073 COMMON SANDPIPER
074 RUDDY TURNSTONE
075 SANDERLING
076 LITTLE STINT
077 TEMMINCK’S STINT
078 DUNLIN
079 CURLEW SANDPIPER
080 SPOON-BILLED SANDPIPER??
081 RUFF
082 INDIAN COURSER
083 EURASIAN THICK-KNEE
084 GREAT THICK-KNEE
085 EURASIAN OYSTERCATCHER
086 PIED AVOCET
087 PHEASANT-TAILED JACANA
088 SMALL PRATINCOLE
089 PACIFIC GOLDEN PLOVER
090 GREY PLOVER
091 LITTLE RINGED PLOVER
092 KENTISH PLOVER
093 LESSER SAND PLOVER
094 YELLOW-WATTLED LAPWING
095 RED-WATTLED LAPWING
096 WHITE-TAILED LAPWING
097 HEUGLIN’S GULL
098 BROWN-HEADED GULL
099 BLACK-HEADED GULL
100 GULL-BILLED TERN
101 CASPIAN TERN
102 RIVER TERN
103 COMMON TERN
104 LITTLE TERN
105 OSPREY
106 BLACK-SHOULDERED KITE
107 BLACK (PARIAH) KITE
108 BRAHMINY KITE
109 WHITE-RUMPED VULTURE
110 EURASIAN MARSH HARRIER
111 PALLID HARRIER
112 MONTAGU’S HARRIER
113 SHIKRA
114 ORIENTAL HONEY-BUZZARD
115 TAWNY EAGLE
116 STEPPE EAGLE
117 BONELLI’S EAGLE
118 BOOTED EAGLE
119 COMMON KESTREL
120 EURASIAN HOBBY
121 LITTLE GREBE
122 GREAT CRESTED GREBE
123 DARTER
124 LITTLE CORMORANT
125 INDIAN CORMORANT (SHAG)
126 GREAT CORMORANT
127 LITTLE EGRET
128 WESTERN REEF EGRET (HERON)
129 GREAT EGRET
130 INTERMEDIATE EGRET
131 CATTLE EGRET
132 INDIAN POND HERON
133 GREY HERON
134 PURPLE HERON
135 BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON
136 GREATER FLAMINGO
137 LESSER FLAMINGO
138 GLOSSY IBIS
139 BLACK-HEADED IBIS
140 BLACK IBIS
141 EURASIAN SPOONBILL
142 GREAT WHITE (ROSY) PELICAN
143 DALMATIAN PELICAN
144 PAINTED STORK
145 ASIAN OPENBILL (STORK)
146 WOOLY-NECKED (WHITE-NECK) STORK
147 BLACK-NECKED STORK
148 BAY-BACKED SHRIKE
149 LONG-TAILED (R.B) SHRIKE
150 GREAT GREY SHRIKE
151 RUFOUS TREEPIE
152 HOUSE CROW
153 LARGE-BILLED CROW
154 EURASIAN GOLDEN ORIOLE
155 ASIAN PARADISE-FLYCATCHER
156 COMMON WOODSHRIKE
157 BLUE ROCK THRUSH
158 ASIAN BROWN FLYCATCHER
159 RED THROATED FLYCATCHER
160 TICKELL’S-BLUE FLYCATCHER
161 GREY-HEADED CANARY FLYCATCHER
162 ORIENTAL MAGPIE ROBIN
163 INDIAN ROBIN
164 BLACK REDSTART
165 COMMON STONECHAT (COLLARD)
166 PIED BUSHCHAT
167 DESERT WHEATEAR
168 ISABELLINE WHEATEAR
169 BRAHMINY STARLING (MYNA)
170 ROSY STARLING
171 COMMON STARLING
172 ASIAN PIED STARLING (MYNA)
173 COMMON MYNA
174 BANK MYNA
175 GREAT (GREY) TIT
176 BARN (COMMON) SWALLOW
177 WIRE-TAILED SWALLOW
178 RED-VENTED BULBUL
179 WHITE-EARED (CHEEKED) BULBUL
180 JUNGLE PRINIA
181 PLAIN PRINIA
182 ASHY PRINIA
183 ORIENTAL WHITE-EYE
184 CLAMOROUS REED WARBLER
185 COMMON TAILORBIRD
186 COMMON BABBLER
187 LARGE GREY BABBLER
188 JUNGLE BABBLER
189 SINGING BUSHLARK
190 INDIAN BUSHLARK
191 ASHY-CROWNED SPARROW LARK
192 RUFOUS-TAILED LARK
193 GREATER SHORT-TOED LARK
194 CRESTED LARK
195 SYKES’S LARK
196 ORIENTAL SKYLARK
197 PURPLE SUNBIRD
198 HOUSE SPARROW
199 CHESTNUT-SHOULDERED PETRONIA (Y.T.SPARROW)
200 FOREST WAGTAIL
201 WHITE WAGTAIL
202 CITRINE (Y.H.) WAGTAIL
203 YELLOW WAGTAIL
204 GREY WAGTAIL
205 PADDYFIELD PIPIT
206 BLACK-BREASTED WEAWER
207 BAYA WEAWER
208 INDIAN SILVERBILL (W.T.MUNIA)
209 BLACK-HEADED BUNTING
210 WHITE-BREASTED WATERHEN
211 CHESTNUT-TAILED (GREY-HEADED) STARLING
212 PAINTED FRANCOLIN-Francolinus pictus
213 BARN OWL-Tyto alba
214 GREY (JUNGLE) NIGHTJAR-Caprimulgus indicus